Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Location Location Location Essay - 703 Words
Running head: Location, Location, Location! Week 3 Application Linda Traughber Walden University Abstract In this paper I will attempt to show, why choosing the right location in North America is so important. What factors are priorities in the location process, by creating a short list of three possible sites. Also showing where I would build and what makes it the best location. Location, Location, Location! Some of the factors that are priorities that should be considered when deciding where you will locate your factory, such as educational resources, skilled labor workforce, proximity to other important locations, communication systems, connection to global networking, geographical risks, recreationalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Choice of Location also has to consider how close is it to main streets, parking, and tech or trade schools. Can prospective employees easily see and access the facility? Is it pedestrian and traffic friendly? My short list of three possible sites in North America would be: 1. Silicon Valley, Ca - Some of the present factors for this location are the other successful technology companies that are located here. The unemployment rate in California is one of the highest in the nation, making employees readily available. California does not have a state income tax. 2. Lebanon, Tn - Some of the present factors for this location are other Computer or technology companies. Tennessee does not have a state income tax, and the state is a desirable location for people to live. The unemployment rate in Tennessee is in the middle of the scale, however there are several tech schools located in and around Lebanon, making skilled workers easy to find. 3. Little Rock, Ar - Some of the present factors for this location are other Computer or technology companies. Arkansas does not have a state income tax. The unemployment rate in Arkansas is high; also there are several tech schools around Little Rock, making skilled workers easy to find. If I were to choose a location from this short list my decision would be to build in Lebanon, Tn. This location is close to Nashville, Tn, also there are a lot of tech and or vocational schools close toShow MoreRelatedRadar The Proliferation Of Location Based Services Essay2528 Words à |à 11 PagesAbstractââ¬â The proliferation of Location Based Services (LBSs) and Geo Social Networks (GSNs) significantly increase the exposure risks of location information leading to leakage of sensitive information. Location privacy preserving methods are designed to provide a specified level of privacy based on some pre-defined privacy guarantees such as k-anonymity and e-differential privacy. In certain situations, we note that users would need different privacy protection levels based on their relationshipsRead MoreGeo Location And Social Media Services1751 Words à |à 8 PagesGeo-location and social media services are becoming the way of the future online. These services are redefining the way we find and connect to interests and hobbies. Through the expansion of Geo-location and tagging mobile social media services, userââ¬â¢s privacy online will continue to be exposed without their knowledge and risk being victims to potential criminals. With the progression and development in GPS and Wi-Fi, geo-location has become a dominant tool that can collect information over hugeRead MoreImplications Of Consumer Location Based Services Apps1049 Words à |à 5 Pages Implications of consumer location-based services apps Introduction Location based services (LBS) have been on the rise since public access to positioning technologies. These services are increasingly being used on mobile devices. Between 2010 and 2013 mobile internet usage increased 359%, whereas desktop internet usage only increased by 4% (Ju-Young, Johnson, Mee Mun, 2015). LBS create an augmented reality by adding and integrating information to real world experiences (Pedrana, 2014). LBS appsRead MoreComparative Analysis Of User Location Based Anonymization Of Mobile Computing Essay1453 Words à |à 6 PagesComparative analysis of user location based anonymization of mobile computing M.K.Patil1 ,M.N.Sonawane2 and R.A.Mandlik3 1,2,3 Department of computer engineering, 1,2,3 Loknete Gopinathji Munde Institude of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik Abstract:-In this paper we have discussed numerous of papers which are based on mobile computing we also have done comparative analysis of those paper with different parameter which include domain, application ,issue within them. Futher we alsoRead MoreLocation, Location, Location1618 Words à |à 7 PagesLocation, Location, Location ACC 543 Location, Location, Location White water rafting has exploded onto the adventure sports scene in the last 10 years. This explosion has broadened the business market for rafting companies in Oregon, Idaho and Colorado. In order to open a new rafting business research must be conducted into the legal ramifications pertinent to the area. Of direct concern are the legal aspects of real property, personal property, business insurance, and environmental issuesRead MoreCosts and Location1217 Words à |à 5 Pagesa downtown location estimates that he will sell 400 bags of circus peanuts during a month. Carrying costs are 17 percent of unit price and ordering cost is $22. The price schedule for bags of peanuts is: 1 to 199, $1.00 each; 200 to 499, $.94 each; and 500 or more $.87 each. What order size would be most economical? Problem 1 | Cost analysis.à A farm implements dealer is seeking a fourth warehouse location to complement three existing warehouses. There are three potential locations: CharlotteRead MoreVying for Patients, Hospitals Think Location, Location.1951 Words à |à 8 Pagesoptimized for entire set of locations? A sale is the act of selling a product or service in return for money or other compensation. Market share is the percentage of a market (defined in terms of either units or revenue) accounted for by a specific entity. Optimized is to make the best or most effective use of (a situation, opportunity, or resource). Sales market share can be optimized through both internal and external adaptations which would include; I. Benefits of the location of competitorââ¬â¢s proximityRead MorePolitics of Location758 Words à |à 4 Pages Politics of Location We are always trying to figure out where we are in this world, or how we got where we are today. Obviously you have no choice of parents or where your born and these are two major contributing factors of who am I today. Being born white and a male society has immediately granted social advantages or white privileges. But, how privileged was I really? Being born in a highly populated city to first generations Americans without high school diplomas. I did have some advantagesRead MoreThe Location Of An Ecosystem1281 Words à |à 6 PagesLocation- The location of an ecosystem affects its functioning. At a global scale, latitude, distance from the sea and altitude play decisive roles in determining climate and ultimately the nature of particular ecosystems. The Great Barrier Reef is found along the Queensland coastline. It stretches as far north as Papa New Guinea, 8o South Latitude, to just above (north) of Fraser Island, 24o South Latitude, (an approximate 2300 Km stretch). There are four main regions along the Great Barrier ReefRead MoreLocation Planning2036 Words à |à 9 Pagescation PlanninCh. 8 Location Planning and Analysis Summaryà Location Planning Every firm must use location planning techniques. There are many options for location planning. Corporations choose from expanding an existing location, shutting down one location and moving to another, adding new locations while retaining existing facilities, or doing nothing. There are a variety of methods used to decide the best location or alternatives for the corporation. Methods such as identifying the country
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Communications in Organization - 3706 Words
INTRODUCTION Communication is defined as the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people. It is a mode of sharing thoughts, feelings, expressions and many more things. Communication plays a very important role in an organization. In fact, it is said to be the life wire of the organization. Communication is very crucial and unavoidable since we have intentions which we want to pass across to another person, group or even to the outside world, besides playing an instrumental role for organizational learning and decision making. However, what is being communicated may be well understood and thus feedback, or misunderstood and thus communication breakdown. In fact, communication within anâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The project should have been introduced and communicated to employees before it started. Installations of robots which automate certain production processes indicate that future manpower requirement might be reduced and there might be a poss ibility of retrenchment. Unfortunately, affected employees especially from production floor have no idea of how the project affects their works and how the installation of new machinery affects their safety and health. This creates a sense of uncertainty and insecurity in employees and hence, adversely affects their performance and motivation. This also indicates a possibility that gossip about the change might have entered the grapevine and might make communicating the change difficult. Employees need a logical explanation of the change before they can support it. They might have concern and comment in relation to the change. Hence, timely communication plays an important role in communicating change. After receiving feedback about employee awareness of the project, the project team leader held a face-to-face briefing which aimed at sharing pertinent information about the project. The briefing began with explaining why such technology change and the desired outcomes are needed which is to streamline current production processes to improve efficiency and increaseShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication With An Organization Essay1316 Words à |à 6 Pagesfeeling of responsible team member to the employees rather than the feeling of just taking orders . Effective communication with the employees is one of the best benefits reaped by such participatory processes. It is regarded as one of the prerequisites to achieve organisational aims and goals. It is noted that productivity of an organisation is increased by effective communication as it helps the employees to understand their jobs well and gets them emotionally involved in their work. HoweverRead MoreEffective Communication For An Organization Essay991 Words à |à 4 PagesAnalyzing Effective Communication in Organizations Introduction Effective communication is an important aspect of the meaningful interaction between various collaborators. It helps stakeholders in an organization to advance ideas, establish common grounds, and build excellent interpersonal relations (Turner, Qvarfordt, Biehl, Golovchinsky, and Back, 2016). Effective communication is only possible if there is a comprehensive functional communication system. Blazenaite (2012) believes that a functionalRead MoreOrganizational Communication : An Organization1591 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction The way in which individuals in an organization communicate with each other is what organizational communication is referred as in the simplest of terms. However, a little more precisely in terms of organizational communication as a field, it is defined as the consideration, study, and the censure of communication. Therefore, it would be safe to say organizational communication is not merely the transfer of a message from one party to another but it is also an element which shapes upRead MoreCommunication Challenge For An Organization Essay1029 Words à |à 5 PagesCommunication challenges can be seen within various different organizations, and generally people are involved with more than one organization. This leads to encounters with ineffective communication on a daily basis for many individuals. Throughout this paper, I am going to discuss a communication challenge for an organization that I am a part of, and an intervention plan for that communication challenge. As a student manager at one of the dining locations on the University of Wisconsin- Eau Claireââ¬â¢sRead MoreTools in Communication in Organization1476 Words à |à 6 PagesTools of communication in organization Introduction Organizations are made up of people and each person receives information and processes them in different ways, and it is important that in every organization we have different tools to communicate with each other, and we have to make it sure that every message is understood by everyone to have a better implementation. Communication is one of the key to an organization s success. So it is important to know how to have effective communication withRead MoreImportance of Communications in an Organization1496 Words à |à 6 PagesImportance of Communications in an Organization Your Name Your College or University Abstract The accelerating pace of change is creating an exceptional level of turbulence in even the most well-run organizations today. Combined with uncertainty over roles, responsibilities and jobs, employees are more anxious and concerned with the future direction of the organizations they are members of than ever before. Thats why communications within organization is so critical today, specifically theRead MoreCommunication Planning For An Organization1273 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunication Planning Communication is one of biggest assert for any organization, it is one of the hardest part in any organization between higher management and employees. A good communication planning always reduce the misunderstanding between the employees and also by communication everyday some major changes occurs in the organization that will lead to success in any project. I think a good communication starts with good planning, so communication planning is very important in any organizationRead MoreManaging Communication in an Organization3049 Words à |à 12 PagesManaging Communication 1. Introduction Communication is very effective means for internal success of an organization. Communication is a thing which we normally do without any complexity that means reflexively like drinking water. It might be seen an easy task to do but effective communication is not that much easy as some social settings and workplace environments get into act. As trainer or working for a training organization it is more strategic than other perspectives. Miscommunication in theRead MoreOrganizational Communication : An Organization1823 Words à |à 8 PagesOriginally I believed Organizational Communication to be simply about the sending of and receiving of messages effectively to accomplish a common goal within organizations. I was aware of the variety of methods organizations used to transmit messages; oral, written, and face-to face. I know from personal experience that organizations are always looking for people to join their organization who can communicate effectively; give and follow orders, lis tening skills, work well within a team environmentRead MoreOrganizational Communication : An Organization4433 Words à |à 18 Pages Organizational communication Abdullah Allaboon Fairleigh Dickinson University Introduction Organizational communication perspectives refer to the different approaches a person can take to evaluate interactions among individuals working in an organization. There are three approaches in evaluating an interaction between employees in an organization, which are (1) Traditional perspective, (2) Interpretive perspective, and (3) Critical perspective (Papa, Daniels Spiker, 2007). Those
Monday, December 9, 2019
Web Application Development Samples for Students-Myassingmenthelp
Question: Prepare Project Charter and Communication Plan. Answer: Project Charter Introduction Project Title: Web Application Development for Social Media Research Centre Name of the Project Manager: PLEASE FILL Email of the Project Manager: PLEASE FILL Duration of Project: 8 Months This project is based on the development of a web application for Social Media Research Centre. The new web application should serve as a database library that will contain all the data and information of the faculty members and the researchers. The list will include the list of faculty members and supervisors, list of possible projects that can be undertaken by the student researchers, a library of reference journal papers and reports of the projects previously undertaken. This will enable the institution to decrease manual labor spent for sorting the lists and updating the literary stocks. As a result, the time for management and updating of the stocks will be decrease and it will in turn increase the system efficiency. Moreover, the specific research will also gain a certain identity that will enable David Wright to gain a strong ground in the institution. The overall project duration is estimated by preparing an overall project time schedule using the work breakdown structure. The following table shows the overall duration of the project as divided and schedules in different time periods. Task Name Duration Start Finish Social Media Research Centre 189 days Tue 25-04-17 Fri 12-01-18 Planning Phase of the Project 57 days Tue 25-04-17 Wed 12-07-17 Analysis of the Project Requirements 5 days Tue 25-04-17 Mon 01-05-17 Analysis of System Requirements 15 days Tue 02-05-17 Mon 22-05-17 Estimation of Required Time 5 days Tue 23-05-17 Mon 29-05-17 Final Project Plan Preparation 20 days Tue 02-05-17 Wed 12-07-17 Project Initiation Phase 52 days Tue 30-05-17 Wed 09-08-17 Finalization of Project Plan 5 days Tue 30-05-17 Mon 05-06-17 Project Scheduling 10 days Tue 06-06-17 Mon 19-06-17 Verification of Project Plan 10 days Tue 20-06-17 Mon 03-07-17 Approval of Project Plan 2 days Tue 04-07-17 Wed 05-07-17 Meeting with the Sponsor 5 days Thu 06-07-17 Wed 12-07-17 Procurement of Project Resources 20 days Thu 13-07-17 Wed 09-08-17 Appointment of Technical Experts 15 days Thu 06-07-17 Wed 26-07-17 Project Execution Plan 129 days Thu 06-07-17 Tue 02-01-18 Initiation of Website Development 2 days Thu 06-07-17 Fri 07-07-17 Purchase of Necessary Softwares 15 days Thu 10-08-17 Wed 30-08-17 Subscription to Cloud Services for Online Database 35 days Thu 31-08-17 Wed 18-10-17 Installation of Softwares in the System 25 days Thu 19-10-17 Wed 22-11-17 Installation of Firewalls and other Utility Softwares 5 days Thu 23-11-17 Wed 29-11-17 Development of the Website for the Research Centre 10 days Thu 30-11-17 Wed 13-12-17 Connection of the Website with the Online Database 5 days Thu 14-12-17 Wed 20-12-17 Implementation of Auto-Update Mechanism 2 days Thu 21-12-17 Fri 22-12-17 Testing of the System 5 days Mon 25-12-17 Fri 29-12-17 Testing of the Softwares 2 days Mon 01-01-18 Tue 02-01-18 Project Closing Phase 8 days Wed 03-01-18 Fri 12-01-18 Development of System Management Plan 5 days Wed 03-01-18 Tue 09-01-18 Initiation of the Designed Website 1 day Wed 10-01-18 Wed 10-01-18 Stakeholder Signoff 1 day Thu 11-01-18 Thu 11-01-18 Project Closure 1 day Fri 12-01-18 Fri 12-01-18 Figure: WBS of the Project (Source: Created by Author) The overall budget for the project is AUD 50,000 and this budget will be allocated to different departments actively involved in the project. The following table shows the budget allocation for the different departments of the project. Activity/Group Estimated Budget Wages of Appointed Technical Experts AUD 10,000 Costs of System Upgradation AUD 10,000 Costs of Softwares AUD 5,000 Costs of Other Necessary Equipments and Requirements AUD 5,000 Design and Testing of Website AUD 20,000 Project Objectives The objectives of the project are as follows. To develop a web based application for the research centre To develop an online library for the website of the research centre To include the list of all the members including faculty and students in the website To implement technical setup for supporting extensive research on social media Measurable Organizational Value (MOV) Measurable Organizational Value (MOV) is defined by the quantifiable benefits that can be gained from the project. The goal of this project is to develop a web application for Social Media Research Centre. The new web application should serve as a database library that will contain all the data and information of the faculty members and the researchers. The list will include the list of faculty members and supervisors, list of possible projects that can be undertaken by the student researchers, a library of reference journal papers and reports of the projects previously undertaken. The desired areas of impact based on their intelligence are as follows. Operational The most important area of impact is operational. The main aim of the institution is to develop a new social media research centre and the purpose of this project is to develop a web based application for supporting the operational aspect of the research centre. Financial Finance is another important area of impact. This new web based application will enable the institution to decrease manual labor spent for sorting the lists and updating the literary stocks. As a result, the time for management and updating of the stocks will be decrease and it will in turn increase the system efficiency. Acceptance Criteria Acceptance criterion of a project is defined by a checklist of several criteria that must be met at the end of the project. The acceptance criteria for this project is as follows. The project will be considered successful if it can be completed within a specific timeline (8 months). The project will be considered successful if the overall budget of AUD 50000 is not exceeded. The project will be considered successful if the web based application is ready for use and supporting all the necessary features. The project will finally be considered as completely successful if the developed application aides the operations of the research centre. Assumptions and Constraints The assumptions for the project are as follows. It has been assumed that the project can be completed within the 8 months deadline. It has been assumed that the AUD 50,000 budget is sufficient for funding the project. It has been assumed that sufficient technical help and support can be gained for the purpose of the project. It has been assumed that the web based application will benefit the operational activities of the research centre. The constraints of the project are as follows. The website development may incur significant extra costs that may result in exceeding the budget. There are no management supports from the parent organization for this project. Stakeholder List The list of stakeholders for this project is shown in the following table. Stakeholder Designation Roles and Responsibilities Project Manager Preparation of the project plan, development of schedule and resource estimation plan, management of all operational activities in the project, change management, monitoring and control, etc. Sponsor Providing sufficient funds for the project, providing additional funds in cases of emergency Financial Manager Management and allocation of budget, handing over the approved funds to respective departments Technical Experts To design and develop of the web based application according to the specific requirements, testing of the installed system Operation Manager To manage the operational activities of the project Human Resources Manager Recruitment of new workers or employees Lessons Learned From the project charter, it has been learned that development of project charter is necessary for determining the path through which the project has to be executed. The project charter helps in defining different aspects of the project including work breakdown structure, stakeholder management table, cost management and others. In other words, before starting to work in a project, a plan must be developed in form of the charter in order prepare the direction for the project activities. Charter Sign Off The charter will be signed off by the all the stakeholders and will be handed over to the project manager for analysis and approval. 2.Communication Plan Plan Purpose During a project, there are a number of stakeholders involved. Without the coordination between the stakeholders, the project cannot be executed. Hence, preparation of a communication plan is necessary in order to ensure all the stakeholders are communicating with each other for the benefit of the project. The Plan The communication plan for this project is as shown below in the table. Stakeholder Information to be Shared Frequency of Information Exchange Location of Information Exchange Purpose of Communication Mechanism of Communication Project Manager Every details of the project, progress report Once in a month Project Managers Office For approval of additional funds, change management requests Documented Report Sponsor Funding Requirements Whenever necessary Sponsors office For proving extra budget for the project in cases of emergency Video Call Financial Manager Requirements of fund allocation Whenever necessary Finance Department For allocation and addition of the funds for the project Financial Report Technical Experts Technical Requirements During the start of the project Project Workshop For explaining the technical requirements needed for the project Verbal Communication Operation Manager Any operational requirements Whenever necessary Operation Managers office For some operational requirements in the project Verbal Communication Human Resources Manager Requirements of new workers or employees During project planning HR Department For suggesting the requirement of new workers for the project Verbal Communication Change Management Projects require suitable changes that enhance the outcome of the project. This is called change management. In this case study, the project manager will review and apply all the necessary changes that are required for the project. The changes will also be reviewed by all the stakeholders of the project and then these changes will be finally implemented in the project. Meeting Agenda During the course of the project, there will be a number of meetings at a periodic basis. The main objective of these meetings will be to discuss the progress of the project and suggest suitable changes that will be beneficial for the project. The meetings will be presided over by the project manager and the proceedings will be documented in form of reports for future references. Bibliography Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Teamwork free essay sample
The development of teams and teamwork has grown dramatically In all types of organizations for one simple reason: No one person has the ability to deliver the kinds of products and services required in todays highly competitive marketplace. Organizations must depend on the cooperative nature of many teams to create successful ventures and outcomes. Teams can be vertical (functionall horizontal (cross-functional), or self-directed (self-managed) and can be used to create new products, complete specific projects, ensure quality, or replace operating departments. Functional teams perform specific organizational functions and include embers from several vertical levels of the hierarchy. In other words, a functional team Is composed of a manager and his or her subordinates for a particular functional area. Accounting, personnel, and purchasing departments are examples of functional teams. Cross-functional teams are made up of experts in various specialties (or functions) working together on various organizational tasks. Team members come from such departments as research and development, design, engineering, marketing, and distribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These teams are often empowered to make decisions without the approval of management. For example, when Nabiscos xecutives concluded that the company needed to improve its relationship with customers and better satisfy customers needs, they created cross-functional teams whose assignments were to find ways to do Just that. Although functional teams are usually permanent, cross-functional teams are often temporary, lasting for as little as a few months or as long as several years, depending on the group tasks being performed. Self-directed work teams. or self-managed teams, operate without managers and are responsible for complete work processes or segments that deliver products or services to external or internal customers. Self-directed work teams (SDWTs) are designed to give employees a feeling of ownership of a whole Job. For example, at Tennessee Eastman, a division of Eastman Kodak Company, teams are responsible for whole product linesâ⬠including processing, lab work, and packaging. With shared team responsibilities for work outcomes, team members often have broader Job assignments and cross-train to master other Jobs. This cross-training permits greater team flexibility. No matter what type of team is formed, the benefits of teamwork are many, including synergy and Increased skills, knowledge, productivity, flexibility, and commitment. Among the other benefits are increased job satisfaction, employee empowerment, and improved quality and organizational effectiveness. Teamwork By annabergit The development of teams and teamwork has grown dramatically in all types of successful ventures and outcomes. Teams can be vertical (functional), horizontal team is composed of a manager and his or her subordinates for a particular performed. Self-directed work teams, or self-managed teams, operate without of teamwork are many, including synergy and increased skills, knowledge, productivity, flexibility, and commitment. Among the other benefits are increased Job Teamwork free essay sample Some of the advantages and disadvantages are found in teamwork recently. It is, however, apparent that there are a lot of facts shown that teamwork becomes more important between company departments or multicultural cooperations due to globalization trend. Having teamwork can make plan conduct effectively and efficiently whilst it may happen obstruction delaying the project if team members or the team founder do not take advantage of team-working. It is evident that teams are widely used in organizations present years while there is the need to solve problems and finish innovative tasks. In overview, there are two theories, Belbin (1981) 9 team roles model and Tuckman (1965) lifecycle of teams, shown that how to design teams for best creative and high-quality-reaching production. Moreover, what is the application during the team conducting itself illustrating afterwards. 2. Two theories analysis and application 2. 1 Belbinââ¬â¢s 9 Team Roles Model One of the most important theories of teamwork is 9 Team Roles Model (Belbin, 1981) which Belbin (1981) identified Plants, Resource investigators, Monitorà Evaluators, Co-ordinators, Implementers, Completer Finishers, Teamworkers, Shapers and Specialists (Belbin, 1981). We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is no perfect person but the perfect team before he developed this theory (Belbin, 1981). He also mentioned that ââ¬Ëa team of six was found to be the most suitable for enabling a management team to tackle a complex problemââ¬â¢(Belbin, 1981, p. 116), meaning that there are some of the team members would have to perform as more than one role (Fisher et al. , 1997). There is, however, no scheme of power and control exploring in this well established team roles theory. It can not measure the power and control to form a group of subjects, whose functions are already recognized. That is to say, a forecast should be conducted regarding their attitude to the team from a consideration of each Belbin team role. If it is possible, then the validity of using Belbinââ¬â¢s 9 Team Roles model could have been built (Fisher et al. , 2000). In terms of the 9 team roles, it is still debatable though the 9 characteristics can be clearly defined one from another. It definitely looks like in vain to discriminate between implementer and complete-finisher roles in practical. Therefore, HR managers or specific trainers could take individuals with their strong preferences as exchangeable when it comes to the contributions to the team works (Senior, 1998). As regards resource investigators, the framers of teams should investigate the profiles of each individual to avoid the possibility of too much overlapping roles in a team, especially it would not work effectively on programs if there is more than one resource investigator with a shortage of other strong personality such as shaper and implementer (Senior, 1998). Besides, it should be balanced by more than one teamworkers arranging with a strong shaper. Although shapers would carry out the task along, there is still the requirement for other team members to cooperate helping finishing the works (Senior, 1998). In depth, it can be seen that it is beneficial if there are more than one shaper instead of only one in the team. It is undoubted that the more practical opinions in a team the better in terms of reality. There is, moreover, a limitation of this team roles model which neglecting distinct natural personalities of individuals. The likelihood of dislike each other may happen in the beginning; on the other hand, some of the team members may uneasy to get along with and work with. These can make the task procrastinate to be finished even they play every role mentioned in the team roles theory. In addition, there is no consideration about the interpersonal relationship in Belbinââ¬â¢s 9 team roles model (1981). Finally, in practical, while the project execution, it is constant changing in team activities whilst there is no description in the theory. 2. 2 Tuckmanââ¬â¢s Lifecycle of Teams Another significant model of teamwork development procedure is that of Bruce W. Tuckman (1965), the lifecycle of teams. In this model, he shown what the stages of building a team and how this group works through the life cycle to become an effective team. Tuckman divided this process into five steps, namely: forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning (Feltham, 2012). At first glance, team members are polite and welcoming each others in Forming. People do not want to offend others because they intend to be accepted in the team. As the team decides how to work together, team member may discuss about setting the regulations and roles. Moving to the second stage, storming, there are more ideas and thoughts openly expressed in the team. Besides, conflict may also happen easily during this time. Team members may compete for the positions and the challenge. In Norming, team members start to feel the sense of belonging in the team. Each team member realizes own role and responsibility. There is an agreement among team members about the norms and expectation of the achievement. In terms of the fourth stage, Performing, until achieve this stage, it is eventually rely on the successful sequences through the previous stages. Team members understand obviously about what and why they are doing. The linkage among each person is strong. They can deal with the problems quickly and effectively. The last stage, Adjourning, is related to the end term of the teams. It can be carrying out successful accomplishments, yet there might be stressful due to the dissolve problems (Feltham, 2012). 2. 3 Application With respect to practical utilizing, it should be clearly defined who acts as. Besides, it is also noticeable that exploring the suitable roles depends on each team memberââ¬â¢s personality in the stage one from Belbin (1981) 9 team roles model. During the team-working time, individuals who present the stronger preference, such as coordinator, shaper, completer finisher and implementer based on Belbin (1981), should evaluate which stage are the team in Tuckman (1965) lifecycle of teams as well as push the team to go forwards. Take the stage two, storming (Tuckman, 1965), for example, if team members come up with too much ideas and enjoy discussing the creative opinion too detailed, it not only waste time on the task which is not so important but also reduce the time for the following stages. Under these both theories, people are easily able to realize the time management and decrease the possibility of getting stuck in one stage. There is no doubt that the pusher is significant in a team, however, everyone should also have the thoughts of acting a teamworker. Despite there are other roles, teamworkers are the spirit of a team because they are the conductors who follow the rules and finish the assignments. 3. Conclusion As it become visible throughout the teamwork, the user of the teamwork is experiencing a challenge and chance depends on how people use it. Although, however, there are some of the limitations in both two theories, it is undoubtedly that it is still worth choosing them to apply in practical. Thus, while facing with any kinds of tasks happened, teamwork can be the most effective and efficient choice.
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